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This text aims to present the thoughts of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari in the context of the relationship between the state, capitalism, and machines. Due to the multiplicity and rhizomatics that characterize the works of both French philosophers, the author also outlines the basic concepts important from the point of view of the discussed problem, such as abstract machines, devices, segmentation, deterritorialization, coding, axiomatics, rhizoma, micropolitics, and macropolitics. The perspective proposed in the works of Deleuze and Guattari escapes the well-known patterns of analysis in social sciences, which makes them an interesting look at the relationship between the state and capitalism.

The purpose of the article is to make an attempt to understand (in the hermeneutical sense) modern man. According to the author that kind of reflection can lead to many explanations when it comes to the changes in the world and various trends in politics. This task is of course very difficult or even impossible (what author points out) however it is not the reason to fully resing from that kind of reflection. Author indicates that modern technics has a large impact on today's Homo Cōnsūmēns. He notes that currently perceived phenomena of neuropower and psychopower create a man, adapting him to both the consumer-technical society and the system. In the last part ot the article author reflects on characteristic of Homo Cōnsūmēns functioning in the conditions of modern technics.

The purpose of the article is to make an attempt to understand (in the hermeneutical sense) modern man. According to the author that kind of reflection can lead to many explanations when it comes to the changes in the world and various trends in politics. This task is of course very difficult or even impossible (what author points out) however it is not the reason to fully resing from that kind of reflection. Author indicates that modern technics has a large impact on today's Homo Cōnsūmēns. He notes that currently perceived phenomena of neuropower and psychopower create a man, adapting him to both the consumer-technical society and the system. In the last part ot the article author reflects on characteristic of Homo Cōnsūmēns functioning in the conditions of modern technics.

Neuropolityka to interdyscyplinarny obszar badań, znajdujący się na przecięciu nauk, łączący nauki polityczne z neuronaukami. Nie jest to jednak kolejny kierunek, który, zakłada determinizm biologiczny. Opiera się na przekonaniu o przenikaniu się natury i kultury w człowieku, warstwy cielesnej i umysłowej. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie czytelnikowi historycznych i teoretycznych aspektów tego wciąż rozwijającego się obszaru badawczego. Naszkicowane zostały również narzędzia badawcze oraz główne kierunki badań neuropolitycznych. Autorzy wskazują na pozytywne jak i negatywne, skutki płynące z badań neuropolitycznych, oraz perspektywy stojące przed naukami o polityce i neuronaukami. Neuropolitics – Genesis, Assumptions, Development Prospects Neuropolitcs is an interdisciplinary research area, located at the intersection of various sciences, combining political science with neuroscience. However, it is not another direction that, as it may seem assumes biological determinism. It is based on belief about the interfusion of nature and culture, physical and mental dimensions in man. The aim of article is to familiarize the reader with the historical and theoretical aspects of this still developing research area. Also the research tools and main research directions of neuropolics were outlined. Authors indicate the positive and negative results of neuropolitics research and perspectives for political science and neurosciences.

Secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) influence the tumor microenvironment and promote distal metastasis. Here we analyzed the involvement of melanoma-secreted EVs in lymph node pre-metastatic niche formation in murine models. We found that small EVs (sEVs) derived from metastatic melanoma cell lines were enriched in nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor (NGFR, p75NTR), spread through the lymphatic system and were taken up by lymphatic endothelial cells, reinforcing lymph node metastasis. Remarkably, sEVs enhanced lymphangiogenesis and tumor cell adhesion by inducing ERK kinase, nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation and intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression in lymphatic endothelial cells. Importantly, ablation or inhibition of NGFR in sEVs reversed the lymphangiogenic phenotype, decreased lymph node metastasis and extended survival in pre-clinical models. Furthermore, NGFR expression was augmented in human lymph node metastases relative to that in matched primary tumors, and the frequency of NGFR+ metastatic melanoma cells in lymph nodes correlated with patient survival. In summary, we found that NGFR is secreted in melanoma-derived sEVs, reinforcing lymph node pre-metastatic niche formation and metastasis. ; we apologize to those authors whose work could not be cited due to size restrictions. We thank M. S. Soengas and the members of her laboratory for melanoma cells, primary melanocyte preparations and helpful discussions. We thank M. Detmar and S. Proulx for the mouse B16-F1R2 cell line. We are grateful to M. Yañez-Mo and M. Valés for antibodies against sEV markers. We thank D. Grela and A. Escobar from IESMAT for their support with the Zetasizer analysis. We thank G. Roncador, L. Maestre and J. L. Martinez Torrecuadrada for their help with the development and characterization of anti-NGFR antibodies and C. Villarroya Beltri for her help in flow cytometry analysis. This work was funded by the Starr Cancer Consortium (B.J.M., D.L. and H.P.), the US NIH (R01-CA169416), the Nancy C. and Daniel P. Paduano Foundation, the Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation (H.P. and D.L.), the Melanoma Research Alliance, the Feldstein Foundation, RETOS SAF2017-82924-R (AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER-UE), the Fundación Ramón Areces, the Fundación Bancaria 'la Caixa' (HR18-00256), ATRES-MEDIA AXA Foundation (CONSTANTES Y VITALES, una iniciativa de laSexta y Fundación AXA) and the Fundación Científica AECC (LABAE19027PEIN, GCB15152978SOEN-HP) (H.P.), the Malcolm Hewitt Wiener Foundation, the AHEPA Fifth District Cancer Research Foundation, the Hartwell Foundation and the Manning Foundation (D.L.). We are also grateful for the support of the Translational Network for the Clinical Application of Extracellular Vesicles (TeNTaCLES), RED2018-102411-T (AEI/10.13039/501100011033), the Ramón y Cajal Programme, the FERO Foundation, Comunidad of Madrid 2017-T2/BMD6026 (L.N.) and La Caixa Foundation (ID100010434, fellowship LCF/BQ/ES17/11600007) (A.H.-B.). The CNIO, certified as a Severo Ochoa Excellence Centre, is supported by the Spanish government through the ISCIII. ; No